firouz fallahi; khalil jahangiri
Abstract
Introduction
Intertwined structures of modern economies make losses to spread from a sector or a country to other countries or economic sectors. Empirical evidence has shown that markets are not isolated from each other and their movements are not separated. Particularly in recent decade’s development ...
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Introduction
Intertwined structures of modern economies make losses to spread from a sector or a country to other countries or economic sectors. Empirical evidence has shown that markets are not isolated from each other and their movements are not separated. Particularly in recent decade’s development of agencies and international and multinational organizations, developments in information technology (IT), deregulation of financial systems in industrialized countries and immense growth in international capital flows have caused financial markets in the world to have more connections (Bracker & Koch, 1999). Volatilities in various asset markets are intensely in linkage. Therefore, it is vital for investors to have the knowledge of the linkages between financial assets to take the appropriate decisions.
Since the beginning of the summer of 2011 Iran's economy has been through a very special situation as a result of sanctions, targeted subsidies effects, increasing liquidity for many years and other factors. After a long period of exchange rate management in this country, instability gripped the market and consequently, the gold coin market was also experiencing an increase of volatility. Tehran Stock Exchange index began to break the records since 2012. Due to the economic recession and high inflation, entering stock market, coin market or the foreign exchange market as investing alternatives to investors who had hot money in their hands.
In such a turmoil that has been created in the aforementioned property market, these questions may be asked that; how is the structure of interrelationships of assets such as stocks, gold coin and currency in Iran? Is there any evidence of the occurrence of the phenomenon of financial contagion in currency, gold coin and stock markets in Iran?
Theoretical Framework
Many theoretical explanations are presented about financial contagion in the financial literature. In most studies, financial contagion is considered as highly co-movements which is the result of rational behavior of activists in markets with failure (e.g., asymmetric information, risk-bearing capacity, imperfect competition, wealth and borrowing constraints, etc. ) or as irrational decisions by the same market activists (e.g., herding behavior) (Choe, et al., 2012).
According to Claessens and Forbes (2004), financial contagion causes has been classified into 2 groups as follow:
Methodology
Following the study of Choe, et al. (2012), our model consists of three parts: first, we use the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model proposed by Engle (2002) to capture the time-varying nature of the conditional correlation. Then, inspired by very restrictive definition if contagion provided by World Bank (contagion is defined as a statistically significant change in the correlation dynamics during "crisis times" relative to correlations during "tranquil times"), to examine contagion, we specify modified DCC multivariate GARCH model, with a time dummy variable imposed for representing the turmoil periods and performs the likelihood ratio (LR) test. Finally our results from time-varying conditional correlation test are compared with the results of adjusted traditional correlation test.
Results & Discussion
The obtained results of using t-student test for financial contagion hypothesis between markets indicated that the exchange market as the crisis trigger seems to be affected by the gold coin market. Furthermore, the t-student of their adjusted correlation coefficients during the crisis was significant. This result supports a pure contagion hypothesis after the exchange market shock. Also, the likelihood ratio test results indicated that only linkages between two markets (including exchange market and gold coin market) exhibited contagion evidence. The estimated value of was positive and statistically significant at the 5% level, implying that there was a sudden jump in the conditional correlation dynamics between exchange market and gold coin market. Moreover, the results showed that there is no evidence of financial contagion in the relationship between exchange-stock and gold coin-stock markets. The estimated value of was insignificant in the modified DCC model of the exchange-stock and gold coin-stock markets. This implies that there is no significant jump in the conditional correlation dynamics between the exchange market and stock market as well as gold coin market and stock market during the crisis period. This result is consistent with the conventional t-test results.
Conclusion & Suggestions
Following Choe, et al. (2012), we used a time-varying conditional correlation test for financial contagion among exchange, stocks and gold coin markets during the period of 27/03/2010 to 21/09/2013 in Iran. In this time-varying correlation test, contagion is defined as a structural break in the dynamics of conditional correlation during the crisis period. The reason for the selection of this period of time is dramatic fluctuations in the mentioned market (especially in exchange market and gold coin market) whose starting point was 08/2011. Using the dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model, we found that only the exchange market and gold coin market show evidence of financial contagion.
It is rational that the very high correlation and financial contagion between gold coin and exchange market could actually neutralize the benefits of portfolio diversification. In front, low correlation and lack of financial contagion between stock-exchange markets and stock-gold coin markets nncourages to invest in stock market instead of investing simultaneously in coin and exchange markets in Iran.
Pourebadollahan Covich Mohsen; Hossein Asgharpur; Firouzi Fallah; Hassan Abdi
Abstract
Regarding the importance and high proportion of Iranian Manufacturing Industries'
export in nonoil export basket, and their impact on economic growth, it is essential
that effective factors on the Manufacturing Industries' export be investigated. This
paper investigates the impact of human capital ...
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Regarding the importance and high proportion of Iranian Manufacturing Industries'
export in nonoil export basket, and their impact on economic growth, it is essential
that effective factors on the Manufacturing Industries' export be investigated. This
paper investigates the impact of human capital on the export of Iranian industries,
using a panel data set of 2-digit ISIC manufacturing industries, over the period 2000-
2007.
Using the number of workers with higher education degree (as a proxy for human
capital), the results show that human capital, manufacturing value added and
nominal exchange rate have positive and significant effects on the export of the
manufacturing industries. In addition, the domestic demand of manufacturing goods
and terms of trade have significant negative effects on these industries export.
Therefore, any effort to expand the higher education is highly recommended.
